複式火山
Multi tool use
複式火山（Stratovolcano），又稱為成層火山、層狀火山，[1]是一個錐形火山，是由硬化的熔岩、火山噴發碎屑、浮岩和火山灰的許多層（階層）不斷堆積形成的。與盾狀火山不同，複式火山的特點是陡峭的輪廓、週期性爆炸式火山喷发和喷溢式火山喷发，雖然有些已經崩潰的火山口被稱為破火山口。從層火山流出的熔岩黏滯性較高，通常在冷卻和蔓延遠处之前就硬化。岩漿形成的熔岩往往是長英質，具有高至中等水平二氧化矽（如流紋岩、英安岩或安山岩），還有少量的不太粘稠的鎂鐵質火成岩岩漿。大量的長英質熔岩流並不常見，但是已有流淌到最遠处达15 km（9.3 mi）。[2]
它們是最常見的火山類型，與此相反的不常見的類型是盾狀火山。兩個著名的複式火山是在1883年災難性噴發的喀拉喀托火山和在79年災難性噴發的維蘇威火山，著名的龐貝城和赫库兰尼姆古城在公元79年被其破壞，這兩個爆發奪去了數千人的生命。
因其優美對稱的外型，多成為觀光勝地。許多著名的火山都屬此類，例如：日本的富士山、菲律賓的馬榮火山、義大利的維蘇威火山、斯特龍博利島火山等。
参见：火成岩
參阅
火山主题
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：複式火山
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參考資料
^ 
本条目引用的[1]。材料来自United States Geological Survey的文档：Principal Types of Volcanoes. [2009-01-19].
^ Garibaldi volcanic belt: Garibaldi Lake volcanic field. Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes. Geological Survey of Canada. 2009-04-01 [2010-06-27]. （原始内容存档于2009-06-26）.
火山
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| 火山种类 |
- 破火山口
- 火山渣錐
- 混合火山
- 裂缝喷发口
- 熔岩锥
- 火山穹丘
- 低平火山口
- 泥火山
- 寄生火山錐
- 火山碎屑锥
- 火山碎屑盾狀火山
- Rootless cone
- 盾状火山
- 外轮山火山
- 複式火山
- 冰下火山
- 海底火山
- 超级火山
- 火山錐
- 火山场
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| 火山岩 |
- 喷出岩
- 集塊岩
- 安山岩
- 玄武岩
- 玄武安山岩
- 歪长粗面岩
- 方沸斑岩
- 英安岩
- 霏细岩
- 科马提岩
- 安粗岩
- 霞石岩
- 黑曜岩
- 响岩
- 流纹英安岩
- 流紋岩
- 粗面岩
- 粗面安山岩
- 粗面玄武岩
- 凝灰岩
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| 火山群列表 |
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本条目引用的[1]。材料来自United States Geological Survey的文档：Principal Types of Volcanoes. 
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