离子键

Multi tool use
化學主题
离子键又被称为盐键,是化学键的一种,通过两个或多个原子或化学基团失去或获得电子而成为离子后形成。带相反电荷的原子或基团之间存在静电吸引力,两个带相反电荷的原子或基团靠近时,周围水分子被释放为自由水中,带负电和带正电的原子或基团之间产生的静电吸引力以形成离子键。
此类化学键往往在金属与非金属间形成。失去电子的往往是金属元素的原子,而获得电子的往往是非金属元素的原子。带有相反电荷的离子因电磁力而相互吸引,从而形成化学键。离子键较氢键强,其强度与共价键接近。
- Li+F⟶Li++F−{displaystyle {ce {Li + F -> Li+ + F-}}}

- 3Na+P⟶3Na++P3−{displaystyle {ce {3Na + P -> 3Na+ + P^3-}}}

仅当总体的能级下降的时候,反应才会发生(由化学键联接的原子较自由原子有着较低的能级)。下降越多,形成的键越强。
现实中,原子间并不形成“纯”离子键。所有的键都或多或少带有共价键的成分。成键原子之间电平均程度越高,离子键成分越低。
参见
化学键和分子间作用力
|
|
分子内作用力 (“强”) |
|
|
分子间作用力 (“弱”) |
范德华力 |
|
|
氢键 |
|
|
其他非共价键
|
- 机械键
- 卤键
- 亲金作用
- 嵌入
- 重叠
- 阳离子–π键
- 阴离子–π键
- 盐桥
|
|
|
鍵結斷裂 |
|
|
固体物理学
|
|
晶体结构 |
- 晶体
晶系(单斜
- 三斜
- 正交
- 三方
- 四方
- 六方
立方)
- 倒晶格
- 布拉格定律
|
|
晶体结合 |
- 共价键
- 兰纳-琼斯势
- 离子键
- 馬德隆常數
- 杂化轨道
|
|
热学性质 |
- 格波
- 声子
- 爱因斯坦模型
- 德拜模型
- 胡克定律
- 形變
- 應力
|
|
晶体缺陷 |
|
|
能带理论 |
- 布洛赫波
- 近自由电子近似
- 紧束缚近似
- 半导体
- 绝缘体
|
|
PW8Otgk Fx,Qz33pIl4 9pfjNj Ud6qyy1iX1 wdaWdcEDKtYmQGZm,cckdnxMXjO
Popular posts from this blog
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...