天津武备学堂(英语:Tientsin Military Academy),又名北洋武备学堂(英语:Peiyang Military Academy),位于天津大直沽,是光绪十一年(1885年)直隶总督兼北洋大臣李鸿章在兴办洋务运动中创设,意在通过新式教育培养新式陆军军官等新型军事人才,是中国近代第一所有影响力的综合性陆军军官学校[1]。天津武备学堂成立后,清廷更是向各省推广天津武备学堂成功的经验,各地纷纷兴起了新式陆军学校,且这些学校的办学方针、学校体制、教学内容甚至校名均参照其作法。1900年,八国联军攻陷天津时,天津武备学堂被焚毁。天津武备学堂存在的十五年间,毕业学生多数成为各省新军骨干,其中段祺瑞、冯国璋、王士珍、曹锟、吴佩孚等成为北洋军阀首领[2]。
Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin Born 23 April 1908 Kholmech, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire Died 29 August 1990 (1990-08-29) (aged 82) [1] Saint Petersburg (former Leningrad) Nationality Soviet Alma mater Leningrad University (1929) Known for Elasticity theory singular integrals numerical analysis Awards Order of the Badge of Honour (1961) Laurea honoris causa by the Karl-Marx-Stadt Polytechnic (1968) Membership of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (1970) Membership of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (1981) Scientific career Fields Mathematics and mechanics Institutions Seismological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1932–1941) Kazakh University in Alma Ata (1941–1944) Leningrad University (now Saint Petersburg State University) (1944–1990) Academic advisors Vladimir Smirnov, Leningrad University, master thesis Doctoral students see the teaching ac...
For other uses, see Schooner (disambiguation). A traditional gaff topsail schooner Schooner rigging: 1 ) Bowsprit 2 ) Jib & fore staysail 3 ) Fore gaffsail & topsail 4 ) Main staysail 5 ) Main gaff topsail 6 ) Mainsail 7 ) End of boom A schooner / ˈ s k uː n ər / is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts. The most common type has two masts, the foremast being shorter than the main. While the schooner was originally gaff-rigged, modern schooners typically carry a Bermuda rig. Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Usage 4 Schooner sail plan 4.1 Schooner rationale 5 Multi-masted schooners 6 Famous schooners 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Etymology Traditional square topsail schooner Shenandoah , sailing in Nantucket Sound. The first detailed definition of a schooner, describing the vessel as two-masted vessel with fore and aft gaff-rigged sails appeared in ...