爱德华·伯内特·泰勒1832年生于伦敦坎伯韦尔一个贵格会炼铜厂主的富裕家庭,其父 Joseph Tylor,母 Harriet Skipper。
泰勒早年就读于 Tottenham 的 Grove House School,但因父母在他年轻时即过逝,及其贵格会家庭背景十分严格,使他未能取得大学学位。[5]父母去世后,他开始协助管理家业,然而他的这个计划却因为身上出现了结核症状而放弃。根据医嘱,他应该去更温暖的地方修养。于是,他1855年离开英格兰,周游中美洲。此番经历对他今后的研究生涯产生了极其重要的影响。
游历期间,他遇到了 Henry Christy,民族学考古学者。泰勒与他交往激发了泰勒在人类学领域的兴趣,也帮助拓宽了他对史前史的研究。[6]
职业生涯
泰勒发表处女作 Anahuac: Or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern (1861)是他1856年与 Christy 探访墨西哥后的成果。此后他虽然再也没有外出考察,泰勒仍继续他对史前(根据考古发现)或当时的部落风俗及信仰的研究,于1865年发表了 Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization。随后,发表了他的代表作 Primitive Culture(《原始文化》,1871)。尽管一战前他一直笔耕不辍,但《原始文化》一直标志着他事业的顶峰。这部著作不仅是对研究人类文明和人类学有巨大贡献,而且影响了一批后辈学者如詹姆斯·弗雷澤。弗雷澤后来成为泰勒门生,成为人类学重要学者。
1871年,泰勒当选皇家学会会员(FRS),1875年获牛津大学民法学荣誉博士学位(Doctor of Civil Laws,DCL,荣誉学位)。1883年,委任为牛津大学博物馆管理员(Keeper),并于1884年至1895年间成为首任人类学副教授(“Reader in Anthropology”),1896年升牛津首任人类学教授(“Professor of Anthropology”)。1912年封爵。
《原始文化》
著作
Anahuac: Or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern (1861)
Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization (1865)
Primitive Culture (1871)
Anthropology (1881)
On a Method of Investigating the Development of Institutions; applied to Laws of Marriage and Descent (1889)
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...