闸北
Multi tool use
本文介紹的是位于上海市闸北区内的地区名。關於上海市的行政区划闸北区，請見「
闸北区」。
闸北，亦曾名为沪北，上海地区名，位于吴淞江下游中段北岸地区。原指新闸至老闸一线以北地区，含今闸北区及普陀区等部分地区，后随闸北区的成立及其辖境的扩张，泛指该区。
名源
1672年，为了阻挡黄浦江的潮水倒灌入吴淞江上游，故在吴淞江上今福建路位置设置了一座挡潮石闸桥。1735年，原闸桥坍毁后，在其上游方向今大统路附近新建了一座闸桥，而原闸桥被称为老闸，新建闸桥则称为新闸。对于老闸至新闸一线的吴淞江以北地区，因此得名为闸北[1]。
地区发展
上海开埠前，闸北地区以虬江为界，虬江以南因水路交织，临近吴淞江，并有闸桥通往上海县城，所以逐渐形成市集，而虬江以北则多为农田和自然村。1850年代起，随着租界的辟立和太平天国运动，导致大批外地移民涌入上海。其中一些贫民因负担不了租界内的居住成本，所以选择临近租界的闸北地区落户，最初有梅园头村和唐家弄等数个居民点。此外，由于当时沪上客货多仰赖上游苏州等地依吴淞江运抵，闸北沿河地区逐渐成为农产品的集散地，市面逐渐繁荣。同时境内有乡村道路一直通往宝山县内的江湾、真如等市镇[2]。
1864年起，租界当局开始在苏州河上兴建桥梁，随后又兴办铁路等，扩张形势明显。为了抵御租界的大规模扩张，当时粤籍商人陈绍昌、浙商祝承桂联合地方士绅，呈请两江总督允许闸北地区开为商埠。在得到核准后，士绅组成闸北工程总局，负责境内市政建设。加之沪宁铁路和淞沪铁路的建设、长途公路的建造，闸北迅速形成沪上重要的交通枢纽，吸引大批官商前来投资。至1920年代，闸北地区已经形成上海的重要工业基地和文化重镇[3]。
但至1930年代，由于一二八和淞沪会战两次战争，闸北成为战场几乎沦为一片废墟，逐渐成为难民聚集区，并成为上海著名的贫民窟。自1980年起，随着大规模城市改造的开始，闸北地区拆除了大批危房，并以上海站为中心重建了商业区，并在科教方面着重投入，基本实现了该地区的商贸文教等的复兴[4]。
参考文献
^ 上海地名志 >> 第三篇居民地地名 >> 第二章地片、区片 >> 第一节地片. 上海地方志办公室. [2012-11-28] （中文）.
^ 区志>>闸北区志>>总述. 上海市地方志办公室. [2012-11-28] （中文）.
^ 上海建筑施工志>>大事记. 上海市地方志办公室. [2012-11-28] （中文）.
^ 张笑川. 战争与近代上海闸北城区的变迁. 苏州科技学院学报（社会科学版）. 2009 [2012-11-28] （中文）.
yX4Bn5,snfd1 NutoAEcxV,um1 puwK2nkq0Cn GrIHI
Popular posts from this blog
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants • U • V • W • Ỿ • ¥ • Ꮙ • Ꮍ • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D...
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m) NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m) [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W / 37.929088°N 122.577829°W / 37.929088; -122.577829 [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State...
FMW Women's Championship Details Promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling [1] Date established November 5, 1990 [1] Date retired September 28, 1997 Other name(s) WWA World Women's Championship FMW Independent Women's Championship Statistics First champion(s) Combat Toyoda [1] Most reigns Megumi Kudo (6 reigns) [1] Longest reign Megumi Kudo (426 days) [1] Shortest reign Shark Tsuchiya (<1 day) [1] The FMW Women's Championship (or the FMW Independent Women's & WWA Women's Championship ) was two Japanese women's professional wrestling championships (WWA World Women's Championship and FMW Independent World Women's Championship) contested in the promotion Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). During the heyday of FMW, the female wrestlers wrestled in the same types of bloody death matches as the FMW men, and were feared by other Japanese female wrestlers for their toughness and intensity. ...
本文介紹的是位于上海市闸北区内的地区名。關於上海市的行政区划闸北区，請見「闸北区」。
