地星科












 

如何讀生物分類框
地星

尖顶地星（Geastrum triplex）

尖顶地星（Geastrum triplex）


科學分類


























界：
真菌界 Fungi
門：
担子菌门 Basidiomycota
綱：
伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes

亞綱：
鬼笔亚纲 Phallomycetidae
目：
地星目 Geastrales
科：
地星科 Geastraceae

属

Geasteroides
地星属 Geastrum
多口地星属 Myriostoma
Nidulariopsis
Phialastrum
Radiigera
Schenella
弹球菌属 Sphaerobolus




Star of life caution.svg 维基百科中的醫療相关内容仅供参考，詳見醫學聲明。如需专业意见请咨询专业人士。

地星是指伞菌纲地星目（学名：Geastrales）下的真菌（马勃）。地星科（学名：Geastraceae）为该目下的唯一科。共包含8个属、64个物种。


地星科最初曾列在马勃目（Lycoperdales）下，后来被分入鬼笔目。[1]到2010年，又将其单列为一目。[2]


有一些地星的子实体在干燥时其“花瓣”会卷起以保护孢子囊，此时整个菌都脱离地面，如同风滚草一般。潮湿时“花瓣”则外翻使孢子囊露出，并通过降雨或动物的活动帮助其孢子萌发。



中药


地星是一种传统的中草药，又称为米屎菰、地蜘蛛、量湿地星、土星菌、大孤、山蟹、石蟹等，药材一般来自硬皮地星（Geastrum hygrometricum）和尖顶地星（Geastrum tirplex）。《西园菌谱》载：“状似马勃，大如弹丸及米粉团，色似松露，嫩时食味似松露，老则自剖为五瓣花，内赤有指头大者，弹之出黄粉，若误入耳，则令人聋。”[3]



参考资料






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：地星科




  1. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi 9th. Oxon: CABI Bioscience. 2001: 205. ISBN 0-85199-377-X. 


  2. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th. Wallingford: CABI Bioscience. 2008: 274. ISBN 9780851998268. 


  3. ^ 国家中医药管理局中华本草编委会. 《中华本草》. 上海科学技术出版社. 









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