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Her Majesty's Young Offender Institution (or HMYOI) is a type of prison in Great Britain, intended for offenders aged between 18 and 20,^[1] although some prisons (particularly Ashfield^[2] and Huntercombe^[3]) cater for younger offenders from ages 15 to 17, who are classed as juvenile offenders.^[4] Typically those aged under 15 will be held in a Secure Children's Home and those over 15 will be held in either a Young Offender Institution or Secure Training Centre.^[5] Generally a young offender is regarded as such until the date of their 21st or 22nd birthday, whereupon he or she will be sent to an adult prison or can remain in the YOI until they turn 22 if deemed appropriate.

Background

Young Offender Institutions were introduced under the Criminal Justice Act 1988, but special centres for housing young offenders have existed since the beginning of the 20th century, with the first borstal being opened at Borstal, Kent in 1902.^[6]

The regime of a Young Offender Institution is much the same as that of an adult prison. However, there are some slight differences, notably the lower staff to offender ratio. Prisoners serving sentences at Young Offender Institutions are expected to take part in at least 25 hours of education per week, which is aimed at helping them to improve their behaviour, to develop practical skills for use in the outside world and to prepare them for lawful employment following their release. There are also opportunities for prisoners to undertake work in Community Service Volunteer programmes.^[7]

Violence can occur often in Young Offender Institutions. Some believe that staff do not always do enough to prevent violence. Inmates are often locked in cells for up to 21 hours a day. Three-quarters of offenders released from Young Offender Institutions re-offend within a year. It is felt inmates are locked up for too long and given insufficient tuition or guidance.^[8] The use of isolation for young offenders is increasing though this is considered bad for their mental health. At all YOIs during six-month there were 306 cases of segregation lasting over a week, which is “very high”.^{[citation needed]} Gang involvement, levels of prison staff and lack of NHS mental health beds may cause the rise in segregation.^[9]

Offenders undergo risk assessments to assess the likeliness of reoffending, the assessment is known as Youth level of service. It is a quantitative survey of the attributeThe report said gang involvement, prison staffing levels and shortages of NHS mental health beds may be driving the increased use of segregation.s of offenders and their situations, this is relevant to level of supervision and treatment decisions for young people aged 12–18.

List of Young Offender Institutions

• HMP Woodhill


• HMYOI Altcourse


• HMP Ashfield


• HMYOI Aylesbury


• HMYOI Deerbolt


• HMYOI Grimsby


• HMYOI Huntercombe


• HMYOI Lancaster Farms


• 
  HMYOI Northallerton (Closed in 2013)


• HMYOI Onley


• HMYOI Polmont


• HMYOI Portland


• HMYOI Derby


• HMYOI Rochester


• HMYOI Stoke Heath


• HMYOI Swinfen Hall


• HMYOI Thorn Cross


• HMYOI Werrington


• HMYOI Wetherby

and 23 which share their site with other penal establishments:

• HMP & YOI Askham Grange


• HMP & YOI Brinsford


• HMP & YOI Brockhill


• HMP & YOI Bronzefield


• HMP & YOI Castington


• HMP & YOI Chelmsford


• HMP & YOI Durham


• HMP & YOI East Sutton Park


• HMP & YOI Elmley


• HMP & YOI Feltham


• HMP & YOI Guys Marsh


• HMP & YOI Hatfield


• HMP & YOI Hindley


• HMP & YOI Hollesley Bay


• HMP & YOI Low Newton


• HMP & YOI Moorland


• HMP & YOI New Hall


• HMP & YOI Norwich


• HMP & YOI Reading


• HMP & YOI Warren Hill


• HMP/RC & YOI Exeter


• HMYOI & RC Glen Parva


• HMP & YOI Winchester

See also

• Her Majesty's Prison Service


• Young offender


• Borstal


• Youth detention centre

References