無政府共產主義









































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无政府共产主义（英语：Anarchist communism）是一种结合了无政府主义与共产主义的政治观念，结合了共产主义式经济与政治。克鲁泡特金是世界上第一个无政府共产主义者。



思想的發展


無政府共產主義的潮流出現在17世紀的英國內戰和法國大革命。屬於英國激進運動掘土派（Diggers）一員的傑拉德·溫斯坦利（Gerrard Winstanley）在他1649年的小冊子《The New Law of Righteousness》中寫道：「不應有買賣、不應有集市或市場，但整個地球應該是每個人共有的寶藏」、「不應有統治他人的統治者，但每個人應是自己的統治者。」[1] 法國大革命期間，席爾凡·馬雷夏爾（Sylvain Maréchal）在《Manifesto of the Equals》中，要求「共同享有地球的產物」並期待「貧富、大小、主僕、統治與被統治之間的噁心差別」的消失。[1]


Joseph Déjacque（英语：Joseph Déjacque） 是早期的無政府共產主義者，也是第一位稱自己為自由意志主義者的人。[2] 他提出與普魯東不同的看法：「工人無權於他或她（his or her）勞動所得的產物，但有權滿足他或她的需求，無論其性質為何」。[1]


集體無政府主義者主張勞動的報酬，但給予了轉變為依據需求作分配的共產制度的後革命過渡時期的可能性。受到巴枯寧的影響，詹姆士·季佑姆（James Guillaume）在論文《Ideas on Social Organization》中提到：「當……生產超越了消費……每個人將從社會豐富的物品儲備中得到所需，不用擔憂耗盡；而且道德情操將在自由與平等間高度發展，工人將會阻止，或大量減少濫用與浪費。」[3]




参考文献





  1. ^ 1.01.11.2 Robert Graham, Anarchism - A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas - Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE to 1939), Black Rose Books, 2005


  2. ^ Joseph Déjacque, De l'être-humain mâle et femelle - Lettre à P.J. Proudhon par Joseph Déjacque (in French)


  3. ^ James Guillaume, Ideas on Social Organization






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