.arpa

Multi tool use
Multi tool use








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.arpa

頂級域類型
通用頂級域
狀況
活躍
域名註冊局
IANA
贊助组织
互联网架构委员会（英语：Internet Architecture Board）
預期使用
地址路由参数域：用于互联网基础工程，例如IP反向查询。
註冊限制
无法注册，子域很少增加
結構
二层域名用于提供数据库查询参数
相關文件
RFC 3172
爭議政策
无

DNSSEC支持
是
註冊局網站
IANA .arpa info

.arpa是互联网域名系统上一個专门用于互联网基础设施配置的頂級域。其名称最初是缩写自高等研究計劃署（Advanced Research Projects Agency，ARPA），也就是现在互联网的雏形网络ARPANET的主管部门。现在其标准名称对应为“地址路由参数域（Address and Routing Parameter Area）”。直到2015年，它是IANA顶级域分类中的一个分类，基础设施顶级域（infrastructure top-level domain）内的，唯一顶级域。[1]


现在其有两个二级域名，“in-addr.arpa”和“ip6.arpa”，用于对应IPv4和IPv6的DNS反向查询（英语：Reverse DNS lookup）功能。



历史


.arpa是最早被设置入现有域名系统的一个域，[2][3][4]其最初目的是作为一个临时域，以便将ARPANET主机名命名约定（英语：Computer network naming scheme）和主机名表转换方式过渡到域名系统中。[4]在1983年订立域名系统的标准时，ARPANET主机的域名被定义为直接在原有主机名上添加.arpa后缀。[5]之后随着引入更多的分类顶级域来代替，该方式被废弃了。


虽然如此，但是该顶级域仍没移除，因为其仍被用于DNS反向查询等功能，例如IPv4地址会以点分十进制倒序的方式记为in-addr.arpa的子域名，该子域名的PTR值则记录该地址所对应的域名。[6]


原计划，一个新的顶级域“.int”被设立用来替代该域名的数据库结构机制，但2000年5月原计划被推翻了，本顶级域的功能仍被保留，新的顶级域被用于国际组织的域名分类。[7]而这次计划变更后，本顶级域被赋予正式的官方名称，名称被定为“地址路由参数域（Address and Routing Parameter Area）”。[8]


2010年3月开始，该顶级域使用DNSSEC进行签名认证。[9]



参考文献





  1. ^ IANA root zone database. Iana.org. [2015-11-10]. 


  2. ^ Internet's First Registered Domain Name Sold - Slashdot. tech.slashdot.org. [2017-11-20] （英语）. 


  3. ^ Domain Extension History - Importance of Domain Extensions - New gTLDs. www.dynadot.com. [2017-11-20]. 


  4. ^ 4.04.1 J., Postel,. Domain requirements. tools.ietf.org. [2018-03-19] （英语）. 


  5. ^ O., Bruen, Garth. WHOIS running the Internet : protocol, policy, and privacy. WHOIS Running the Internet: Protocol, Policy, and Privacy. Hoboken, New Jersey. : 138. ISBN 9781118985779. OCLC 912140475. 


  6. ^ RFC 1035, Mockapetris, Paul. IN-ADDR.ARPA domain. Domain Names - Implementation and Specification. Internet Engineering Task Force. November 1987: pp. 22 – 23. sec. 3.5 [2009-10-28]. RFC 1035. 


  7. ^ IAB Statement on Infrastructure Domain and Subdomains. [2009-05-08]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-11）. 


  8. ^
    RFC 3172,
    Huston, Geoff. Management Guidelines & Operational Requirements for the Address and Routing Parameter Area Domain ("arpa"). Internet Engineering Task Force. September 2001: p. 7 [2009-10-28]. BCP 52. RFC 3172. "Further, as indicated by DARPA, the arpa TLD string should be given a different expansion such as "Address and Routing Parameter Area" to avoid any implication that DARPA has operational responsibility for the domain." 


  9. ^ [Dnssec-deployment] Signing of the ARPA zone. 2010-03-28 [2017-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2010-03-28）. 




外部链接



  • IANA官网对arpa域的介绍

  • .arpa区域文件












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通用頂級域








 
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赞助


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基础架构

  • .arpa
已删除/撤销


  • .nato

  • .إختبار

  • .شبكة

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伪顶级域


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测试


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另見：國家及地區頂級域



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