柴达木盆地
Multi tool use
柴达木盆地（藏文：.mw-parser-output .uchen{font-family:"Qomolangma-Dunhuang","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchen","Qomolangma-Uchen Sarchung","Qomolangma-Uchen Suring","Qomolangma-Uchen Sutung","Qomolangma-Title","Qomolangma-Subtitle","Qomolangma-Woodblock","DDC Uchen","DDC Rinzin",Kailash,"BabelStone Tibetan",Jomolhari,"TCRC Youtso Unicode","Tibetan Machine Uni",Wangdi29,"Noto Sans Tibetan","Microsoft Himalaya"}.mw-parser-output .ume{font-family:"Qomolangma-Betsu","Qomolangma-Chuyig","Qomolangma-Drutsa","Qomolangma-Edict","Qomolangma-Tsumachu","Qomolangma-Tsuring","Qomolangma-Tsutong","TibetanSambhotaYigchung","TibetanTsugRing","TibetanYigchung"}ཚྭ་འདམ་གཤོང་，威利：tshwa vdam gshong）地处青海省西北部，阿尔金山、祁连山和昆仑山之间，东西长约800公里，南北最宽处约350公里，面积约20万平方公里，地势自西北向东南缓倾，海拔在2600至3000米之间，是中国地势最高的内陆盆地。柴达木盆地海拔高，云量少，日照时间长，常年干旱少雨，区内时常刮大风，茶卡地区的刮大风的天气最多时一年有180多天，风能十分丰富。盆地内地势平坦，有较充足的地表水和地下水可用，昼夜的温差较大，利于农作物积累养料，因而那里的农作物的产量较高。
成因
柴达木盆地原是一个巨大的内陆咸水湖泊，后来因青藏高原地势的抬升和雨量的不断减少，得不到充足的水源补充，湖水不断干涸，形成了这个巨大的天然盐湖盆地。
矿产
在蒙古语中，“柴达木”（Цайдам）是“盐泽”的意思，盆地内盐类储量非常丰富，各种矿物盐及化工原料主要有：钠、钾、镁、锂、溴、碘、钍、镭、鍶、石膏、芒硝等十多种。此外，盆地的一些湖泊中含有大量的硼，被誉为“东方硼库”、“中國聚寶盆”。盆地中还蕴藏着可观的石油、天然气和多种金属矿藏。
柴達木盆地自然景觀為乾旱荒漠，主要土類為鹽化荒漠土和石膏荒漠土。後者主要分布於盆地西部，草甸土、沼澤土一般均有鹽漬化現象。植被稀疏，種類單純，總共不足200種，以具有高度抗旱能力的灌木、半灌木和草本為主，鹽生植物較多。植被結構簡單，約有6/10的群叢系由一個或幾個種組成。在山麓洪積扇和沖積-洪積平原上以勃氏麻黃、梭梭和紅砂灌木所組成的荒漠植被群落為主；在鹽性沼澤及鹽湖、河流沿岸，莎草科密生形成草丘，其中占優勢的有深紫針藺、絲藨草與黑苔草等鹽生植被；鹽湖與沼澤外圍以蘆葦與賴草為主。
沙漠
柴达木盆地沙漠位于青海西北部柴达木盆地之中，是世界海拔最高的沙漠。柴达木盆地沙漠面积大约3.49万平方公里，约占柴达木盆地总面积的1／3左右。
沙漠治理
青海省采取多种手段，加快生态治理步伐，柴达木盆地的绿洲面积不断扩大，据卫星遥感监测显示，柴达木盆地沙区风蚀荒漠化程度趋缓。近几年荒漠化面积明显减少，土地荒漠化面积较2000年以前缩减2.7%。随着植被情况的好转，柴达木盆地的野生动物数量也大幅增加。2000年以来，柴达木盆地内实施退耕还林22.7万亩，人工造林152万亩，封沙、封山育林168万亩；国家重点公益林生态效益补偿面积已扩大到865.66万亩。
主要城市
中国沙漠
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塔克拉玛干沙漠 - 古尔班通古特沙漠 - 巴丹吉林沙漠 - 腾格里沙漠 - 毛乌素沙漠 - 库姆塔格沙漠 - 柴达木盆地沙漠 - 库布其沙漠 - 乌兰布和沙漠
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青海专题
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西宁市 (省会)
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| 地理 |
- 城市
- 青藏高原
- 黄河
- 长江
- 湄公河
- 唐古拉山脉
- 昆仑山脉
- 青海湖
- 柴达木盆地
- 三江源
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| 教育 |
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| 文化 |
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| 饮食 |
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| 旅游景点 |
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