荒川 (關東)

Multi tool use
荒川
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平假名 |
あらかわ
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羅馬拼音 |
Arakawa
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長度 |
173 km
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水源標高 |
2,475 m
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平均流量
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518 m³/s
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流域面積
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2,940 km²
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水源 |
甲武信岳
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注入 |
東京灣
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流經 |
日本(埼玉縣、東京都)
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荒川(日语:荒川/あらかわ Arakawa */?)位於日本關東地區,流經埼玉縣及東京都等自治體,主流總長173公里,流域面積約2,940平方公里,是日本政府列管為「一級水系」的荒川水系之主流,也是日本政府列管之一級河川,為東京都會區內的重要水道之一。其中流經埼玉縣鴻巢市的御成橋附近河段,河面寬度達2.5公里,為日本第一。
地理
荒川之主流起源於埼玉縣、山梨縣、長野縣三縣交界之甲武信岳,以位於埼玉縣西部的秩父山地為上游,在匯集秩父山地附近的溪流、進入秩父盆地後流向轉東。從秩父盆地到長瀞溪谷的河段轉為向北,流經大里郡寄居町後進入關東平原。於熊谷市附近轉為南南東方向,並於川越市與入間川合流。經過埼玉縣戶田市附近後再度轉向東流,並成為埼玉縣及東京都的分界河;之後進入東京都的管轄區域,在位於北區的新岩淵水門分支出隅田川(荒川下游舊河道),再向南穿越江戶川區後注入東京灣。
荒川原本最下游的河段為今之隅田川,由於此河段水路狹窄且彎曲,導致洪水頻發,在1910年更爆發了關東大水災。為了徹底解決荒川對東京與關東地方造成的水患問題,日本政府在1913年針對下游河段動工興建分洪道,即「荒川放水路」(日语:荒川放水路/あらかわほうすいろ Arakawa hōsuiro */?),歷經17年的工程,於1924年開始通水,1930年正式完工。荒川放水路以新岩淵水門為起點,沿著東京市區東緣開鑿人工河道,至中川河口合流後通往東京灣,全長22公里,河道平均寬度約500公尺(包含堤岸區域)。荒川放水路的興建,加上同時期開闢的江戶川放水路,大幅紓解了東京市區一帶的洪水威脅。1965年,日本政府正式將荒川放水路編為荒川的主河道,新岩淵水門以下的舊河道則改稱隅田川,直至今日。
關聯項目
外部連結
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:荒川 (關東)
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荒川上流河川事務所(國土交通省關東地方整備局)(日文)
荒川下流河川事務所(國土交通省關東地方整備局)(日文)
荒川治水資料館(日文)
埼玉縣立河川博物館(日文)
埼玉水族館(日文)
彩湖自然學習中心(日文)
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