李德明

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李德明 |
概要 |
姓名 |
李德明(李德昭) |
庙号 |
太宗 |
谥号 |
光聖皇帝 |
陵墓 |
嘉陵
|
政权 |
夏王 |
在世 |
981年-1032年 |
在位 |
1004年1月26日(北宋景德元年正月初二)-1032年(北宋天圣十年十一月) |
李德明(981年-1032年),《辽史》为避辽穆宗耶律明之讳多称之为李德昭,小字阿移,夏太祖李繼遷長子,母野利氏,生於981年,為人深沉有器度,多權謀。
北宋景德元年正月初二(1004年1月26日),李繼遷去世,李德明即位于柩前,嗣夏王位。他聽取了李繼遷的遺言,向宋請和,保持和平。其管治最大特色是「依遼和宋」與韜光養晦,同時向遼、宋稱臣,接受兩國封號,並伺機向西發展。數年間,西攻吐蕃和回鶻,奪取西涼府(今甘肅武威)、甘州(今甘肅張掖北)、瓜州(今甘肅安西東)、沙州(今甘肅敦煌東)等地。其勢力範圍擴展至玉門關及整個河西走廊。由於「依遼和宋」能麻痺遼、宋,「國家」得以和平,對內也能專注於經濟發展,使轄區內農業有較大的發展。他在遼國的地位不斷升遷,北宋亦對其不斷封號。1020年把政治中心由西平府遷至懷遠鎮,改名興州,即日後西夏的國都興慶府(今寧夏銀川)。1028年正式立長子李元昊為太子。綜觀其一生,不但能成功保存祖先基業,並不斷擴張自己的實力,單憑「依遼和宋」已能證明他是一位能幹的政治家。但不幸在各項稱帝的準備快完成,為西夏建國奠下了堅穩基礎的時候,於1032年十一月病死[1],終年52歲,諡号光聖皇帝,廟號太宗。
家庭
- 妻妾子女
卫慕氏,生李元昊
- 咩迷氏,生李成遇[2]
- 讹藏屈怀氏,生李成嵬[2]。卫慕氏被其子李元昊毒杀后,李元昊又立讹藏屈怀氏为太后。与成嵬母讹藏屈怀氏是否为同一人,待考。
参考文献
^ 《宋史·仁宗本纪》以及《续资治通鉴》均记载,李德明去世于宋仁宗明道元年(1032年)十一月。
^ 2.02.1 《宋史 卷四百八十五 列传第二百四十四 外国一 夏国上》仁宗即位,加尚书令。德明娶三姓,卫慕氏生元昊,咩迷氏生成遇,讹藏屈怀氏生成嵬。天圣六年......
西夏君主
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详见:西夏君主列表、西夏皇帝世系图
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定难节度使 |
李思恭 → 李思谏 → 李成庆 → 李思谏 → 李彝昌 → 李仁福 → 李彝超 → 李彝興 → 李克睿 → 李继筠 → 李继捧
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西平王/夏国王 |
太祖 → 太宗
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大夏皇帝
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景宗 → 毅宗 → 惠宗 → 崇宗 → 仁宗 → 桓宗 → 襄宗 → 神宗 → 獻宗 → 末帝
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三皇五帝 → 夏 → 商 → 周 → 秦 → 汉 → 三国 → 晋 / 十六国 → 南朝 / 元魏 – 北齐 – 北周 → 隋 → 唐 → 五代 – 十國 → 宋 / 西夏 / 辽 / 金 → 元 → 明 → 清 → 民国 / 共和国
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