相国

Multi tool use
相国,战国、秦朝、漢朝至隋朝、唐朝朝廷大臣最高职务,后来成为对担任宰相的官员的敬称。
战国時代称为「相邦」,如秦国呂不韋。汉高祖劉邦即位,为避諱「邦」字,改稱「相国」。汉朝相国最初由蕭何担任,蕭何死后,曹参继任。曹参之后,不设相国,以王陵为右丞相,陳平为左丞相,所以漢代「相国」一称,幾乎成为萧曹二人代名詞。《史記》蕭何、曹参的传記为《蕭相国世家》、《曹相国世家》。
其實呂后的侄兒吕产一度担任相国,但不久之後周勃、陳平、劉章等大臣發動兵變殺死,而不為眾所熟知,直到东汉末年董卓就任相国。篡位的权臣多喜自命為「相国」。
后代对担任宰相的官员,也敬称相国。明清对于内阁大学士也雅称相国。
日本实行律令制,以太政官最高职位太政大臣的唐名为相国。比如平清盛称为「入道相国」,德川将軍的法名常作「正一位大相国○○院殿」,因为幕府将軍或者生前就任太政大臣,或者死後朝廷追贈太政大臣。
相国担任者
- 秦
- 赵
- 魏
|
- 西汉
参见:西漢丞相、相國、大司徒列表
- 东汉
参见:東漢相國、丞相列表
公孙渊燕王国
- 三國
参见:三國相國、丞相、司徒列表
西晋、东晋
参见:晉朝相國、丞相列表
- 刘尼
|
- 十六國
参见:十六國相國、丞相列表
- 南北朝
参见:南朝相國、丞相列表
参见:北朝相國、丞相列表
- 隋
- 唐
- 吴王国(明朝前身)
|
参见
参考
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