均裂




在化學上，均裂是指化學鍵断裂时，两个成键电子平均分配两个成键原子上，從而產生兩個自由基的过程。



Homolysis (Chemistry).png




這樣的反應能被紫外輻射引發。


在這過程中牽涉的能量稱為鍵離解能。另一個可能的分裂方式稱為異裂。



参见


  • 异裂




















  • 查

  • 论

  • 编


化学键和分子间作用力

分子内作用力
（“强”）
















共价键





















依对称性


  • σ键

  • π键

  • δ键

  • φ键
依重叠数


  • 单键

  • 双键

  • 三键

  • 四重键

  • 五重键

  • 六重键
其他


  • 抓氢键

  • 弯曲键

  • 配位键

  • 反馈π键



  • 哈普托数

  • 共轭

  • 超共轭

  • 反键
共振键



  • 缺电子

    • 3c–2e

    • 4c–2e




  • 超价分子
    • 3c–4e



  • 芳香性

    • 莫比乌斯

    • 同芳香性


金属键

  • 金屬芳香性
离子键


分子间作用力
（“弱”）
















范德华力

  • 色散力
氢键


  • 低能障（英语：Low-barrier hydrogen bond）

  • 共振辅助（英语：Resonance-assisted hydrogen bond）

  • 对称（英语：Symmetric hydrogen bond）

  • 双氢键
其他非共价键


  • 机械键

  • 卤键

  • 亲金作用

  • 嵌入

  • 重叠

  • 阳离子–π键

  • 阴离子–π键

  • 盐桥


鍵結斷裂



  • 异裂

  • 均裂







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