艾拉汗




艾拉汗，生卒年不详，维吾尔族，1864年伊犁农民起义领导人之一，伊犁苏丹国末代苏丹。



生平


艾拉汗出生于伊宁，他的父亲是一名千户长。[1]作为组织者之一，他同阿布都鲁疏勒、萨德尔·帕力万一起积极参与到1864年的伊犁维吾尔族回族农民起义中，直到占领伊犁全境。1865年，阿奇木伯克迈孜木杂特杀死阿布都鲁疏勒和掌权阿訇那斯尔丁，建立伊犁苏丹国，并自立为苏丹。经过了一系列的混战和篡权后，于1866年3月[2]，艾拉汗成为苏丹。1871年3月26日，沙俄入侵伊犁；5月15日，艾拉汗向沙俄投降，并亲自引导俄军头目格拉西姆·科尔帕科夫斯基进入宁远城。[3]俄军接管伊犁后，携家眷迁往中亚城市维尔内（俄语：Верный）（位于现在的哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图），度完余生。



参考资料




  1. ^ 纪大椿. 1864年新疆农民起义. 《民族研究》. 1979年. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04） （中文）. 


  2. ^ 关英杰. 锡伯英雄话一家. 《察布查尔县文史资料》. [2015-12-08]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-08）. 


  3. ^ 苏德善. 清代锡伯族爱国大臣喀尔莽阿. 《锡伯文化》. [2015-12-08]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-07） （中文）. 




-

Popular posts from this blog

Mount Tamalpais

Image
Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais, viewed from the south Highest point Elevation 2,571 ft (784 m)   NAVD 88 [1] Prominence 2,456 ft (749 m)  [1] Listing California county high points 55th Coordinates 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W  /  37.929088°N 122.577829°W  / 37.929088; -122.577829 Coordinates: 37°55′45″N 122°34′40″W  /  37.929088°N 122.577829°W  / 37.929088; -122.577829   [1] Geography Mount Tamalpais Marin County, California, U.S. Show map of California Mount Tamalpais Mount Tamalpais (the US) Show map of the US Parent range California Coast Ranges Topo map USGS San Rafael Geology Mountain type Sedimentary Climbing First ascent 1830s by Jacob P. Leese (first recorded ascent) [2] Easiest route Railroad Grade fire trail Mount Tamalpais ( / t æ m əl ˈ p aɪ . ɪ s / ; TAM -əl- PY -iss ; Coast Miwok: /t̪ɑmɑlˈpɑis̺/ , known locally as Mount Tam ) is a peak in Marin County, California, United State
Read more

Indian Forest Service

Image
Indian Forest Service Service Overview Preceding service Imperial Forest Service (1864 to 1935) Year of Constitution 1966 Country India Staff College Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), Dehradun, Uttarakhand Cadre Controlling Authority Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change Legal personality Governmental: Government service General nature Administration of Forest and Wildlife resources Cadre strength 3131 (2182 Direct Recruits and 949 Promotion Posts) Website ifs.nic.in Service Chief Director General of Forests Siddhanth Das, IFS (1982 Batch, Odisha Cadre) [1] Head of the All India Civil Services Cabinet Secretary Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS Indian Forest Service (भारतीय वन सेवा) [2] is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India. The other two All India Services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Police Service (IPS). [3] [4] [5] It was constituted in
Read more

Y

Image
This article is about the letter of the alphabet. For other uses, see Y (disambiguation). See also: Wye (disambiguation) Y Y y (See below) Usage Writing system Latin script Type Alphabetic and Logographic Language of origin Latin language Phonetic usage [ y ] [ ɨ ] [ j ] [ iː ] [ ɪ ] [ ɘ ] [ ə ] [ ɯ ] [ ɛː ] [ j ] [ ɥ ] [ ɣ̟ ] / w aɪ / / aɪ / Unicode value U+0059, U+0079 Alphabetical position 25 History Development Υ υ 𐌖 Y y Time period 54 to present Descendants  • U  • V  • W  • Ỿ  • ¥  • Ꮙ  • Ꮍ  • Ꭹ Sisters F Ѵ У Ў Ұ Ү ו و ܘ וּ וֹ ࠅ 𐎆 𐡅 ወ વ ૂ ુ उ Variations (See below) Other Other letters commonly used with y(x), ly, ny This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc D
Read more