仆射




僕（pú）射（yè），古職官名，秦代开始设立。《漢官儀註》曰，僕，主也。古者重武事，每官必有主射督課之，故名。到宋徽宗之后被逐渐废除。


商周王族貴族重視射禮，《周礼·夏官·射人》：“若有国事，则掌其戒令，詔相其事。掌其治达；以射法治射仪。” 朱子曰：禮僕人師扶左，射人師扶右。[1]


秦朝时代設置，為主射左右之臣，古人重視武官，凡主事者，皆命以善於射箭者輔之，故稱「僕射」。[2]秦代時各官署大多设置「僕射」，为官署次官。


汉朝之后，以僕射为名的，仅见尚書僕射，位在尚书令之下。宋徽宗時改左右僕射為太宰﹑小宰，此後僕射之名不復存在。


隋唐、五代、宋、金、辽，尚書僕射均为宰相官阶。



相關條目



  • 大射禮

  • 鄉射禮



注釋





  1. ^ 《禮記•檀弓上》：扶君，卜人師扶右，射人師扶左。


  2. ^ 漢書·卷十九·百官公卿表上：「僕射，秦官，自侍中﹑尚書﹑博士﹑郎皆有。古者重武官，有主射以督課之。」









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