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Madame Masque
Madame Masque. Art by Jim Cheung.
Publication information
Publisher	Marvel Comics
First appearance	(as Whitney Frost) Tales of Suspense #98 (February 1968) (as Madame Masque) Iron Man #17 (September 1969)
Created by	Stan Lee (writer) Gene Colan (artist)
In-story information
Alter ego	Giulietta Nefaria (originally) Whitney Frost (legally changed)
Team affiliations	Maggia Masters of Evil Inner Guard
Partnerships	Hood
Notable aliases	Big M, the Director, Kristine "Krissy" Longfellow
Abilities	Skilled hand to hand combatant Expert markswoman Master strategist and organizer Proficiency with robotics

Madame Masque (real name Giulietta Nefaria but legally renamed Whitney Frost) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. An occasional love interest and enemy of Iron Man and the daughter of Count Nefaria, she originally wore a golden mask to cover up her disfigured face and continues to do so after her face was healed.

Over the years, Madame Masque has appeared in various forms of media, including animated television series and video games. Most notably, Whitney Frost appears in the Agent Carter television series, portrayed by Wynn Everett.

Publication history

Whitney Frost first appeared in Tales of Suspense #98 (February 1968), and was created by Stan Lee and Gene Colan. She first appeared as Madame Masque in Iron Man #17 (September 1969).

Fictional character biography

Madame Masque was born as Giulietta Nefaria, the daughter of the master criminal Count Luchino Nefaria, in Rome, Italy. Her mother died when giving birth and Luchino wanted his daughter to lead a respectable life, so he gave the child to Byron Frost, a wealthy financier and an employee of Nefaria, and Loretta Frost to be raised. Frost called the child Whitney and raised her as his own.

As a young adult, Whitney was a debutante and socialite, and became engaged to politician Roger Vane. Following the Frosts' deaths, Count Nefaria approached Whitney and revealed her true parentage, telling her that Nefaria wants her to take her true father's place as leader of the Maggia, a Mafia-like organization based on the East Coast of the United States. Whitney at first refused, but when she tells Roger about her father, Roger leaves her, afraid that her connections to a known criminal would hamper a political career.

Whitney accepted her father's offer to become a professional criminal mastermind and was trained by the Count in strategy, criminal activities and combat. She turned out to be a brilliant student and when her father is imprisoned, she becomes the new Big M, the leader of the Nefaria family of the Maggia. Her role as Big M brought her into conflict with Iron Man.^[1] Whitney was forced to flee after a raid on Stark Industries. The plane she escaped in crashed and Whitney's face was scarred, but she was saved by the criminal Mordecai Midas and started to work for him. Midas is obsessed with gold and Whitney hides her face behind a golden mask and uses the alias "Madame Masque".^[2]

Madame Masque meets Tony Stark (Iron Man's alter ego) and the latter shows concern for her despite her scarred face. She turns on Midas to save Stark, but leaves Stark because of her criminal past. Unable to forget Stark, she returns as Krissy Longfellow, Stark's personal secretary. Both come to know each other's secret identity and start a romantic relationship. Their happiness is short-lived as Count Nefaria is dying due to a result of an attempt to gain superhuman powers. Whitney hires the Ani-Men to bring her father to her and then asks Stark to find a cure for her father. Nefaria tries to use violence to force Stark, and a battle starts between the Ani-Men and Iron Man. Whitney is unable to choose between her father and her lover, and when Nefaria's life-support is damaged in the fight, she goes insane with guilt and grief.^[3] Whitney returns to the Nefaria Maggia and as "The Director" becomes its leader. She often fights Iron Man and his friends.^{[volume & issue needed]}

At one point, Frost becomes paranoid and starts to create copies of herself, known as bio-duplicates. One of her bio-duplicates, known as Masque, becomes an ally of the Avengers.^[4] She also creates robotic servants known as the Inner Guard and names them individually after notable historical traitors, Benedict, Brutus, Fawkes, Quisling, Monmouth (based on Benedict Arnold, Marcus Junius Brutus, Guy Fawkes, Vidkun Quisling and the Duke of Monmouth) and two other, unnamed members.^[5][6]

One member of the Inner Guard, Benedict, recaptures Masque for Whitney. Masque tries to convince her the Avengers are benevolent and that she should reach out to Stark again, but Whitney is still too fearful to do so. She continues to be a criminal figure of importance, until her father returns from the dead once again and destroys her base. She reluctantly assists the Avengers and the Thunderbolts against Nefaria, but she secretly plans to betray and destroy both sides, her increased paranoia causing her to believe that both sides want only to kill her, despite moments of doubt such as when Stark unmasks in her presence but lowers his face-plate back when preparing to talk to the rest of the Avengers.^{[volume & issue needed]} Masque again tries unsuccessfully to convince her to side with the heroes, then joins the battle in Whitney's place. Masque uses a weapon designed to disrupt Nefaria's ionic energy that Whitney was saving until the Avengers were dead and Nefaria weakened, and is slain by Nefaria before she can fire the weapon. Madame Masque is shocked by her duplicate's nobility and sacrifice, with Iron Man's dismayed reaction at what appears to be her death compared to Nefaria's glee forcing her to recognize that her duplicate was right about the Avengers. Whitney joins the battle and plays a key role in her father's defeat, her weapon causing him to begin leaking ionic energy until he finally collapses. She renounces her criminal past, and MACH-II of the Thunderbolts offers her membership, but she declines, departing to parts unknown to consider her future. Before leaving, she asked MACH-II to thank everyone for her, especially Iron Man.^[7]

Madame Masque is hired by the Hood to take advantage of the split in the superhero community caused by the Superhuman Registration Act.^[8] She becomes the Hood's second in command (and his lover) and helps them fight the New Avengers. She is taken down by Doctor Strange and taken into S.H.I.E.L.D. custody.^[9] A group of Skrulls disguised as S.H.I.E.L.D. agents try to learn her true face so they can switch her out. The Hood frees her and kills all the Skrulls except one. In an unknown location attended by most of the Hood's army, they learn from the Skrull agent that the Skrulls plan on taking over Earth, believing it to be rightfully theirs.^[10] Madame Masque rejoins the Hood's crime syndicate and attacks an invading Skrull force.^[11] She is among the Hood's crime syndicate as they assist the heroes in their final battle against the Skrulls.^[12]

During the Dark Reign storyline, Norman Osborn puts a bounty on Tony Stark's head, and personally calls Madame Masque over to Stark Tower, offering the locations of Iron Man's multiple armories to help her find Stark. She tracks Stark to Russia, which Pepper Potts had also done.^[13] Masque captures and tortures Pepper before demanding that Stark tell her his true feelings to her real face. Stark admits that, though they have been fighting, always loved her, to which Masque reciprocates.^[14] However, when faced with a direct choice between Pepper or Masque, Pepper is chosen. As Stark escapes to Afghanistan, Masque and Pepper go hand-to-hand with each other.^[15] Masque is imprisoned in a discarded Crimson Dynamo suit^[16] while Pepper, disguised as Masque, reports to Osborn that Pepper was killed in combat, and returns to the United States with the Rescue armor, which is placed in storage with Iron Man's other armors that Osborn has acquired.^[17]

Madame Masque is part of a surprise attack on the New Avengers, a trap set up by Osborn.^[18] Later, when The Hood attacks Doctor Strange in order to become the Sorcerer Supreme, she tries to help him deal with his possession by Dormammu, taking off her mask and confessing her feelings for him.^[19] When Osborn calls off the hunt for Stark due to Stark being in a persistent vegetative state, Masque decides to take matters into her own hands, and hires the Ghost to eliminate Stark, a task at which Ghost fails.^[20]

Masque, along with the rest of the Hood's gang, joins in helping Iron Patriot with the Siege of Asgard.^[21] However, Loki retakes the Norn stones from the Hood to help the Avengers and Asgardians battle the Void. Masque helps the Hood slip away. The Hood is pessimistic, knowing that his gang would simply sell him out.^[22] Therefore, she seeks out her father Count Nefaria for help. The New Avengers track her and the Hood using John King. After a battle with Nefaria, the New Avengers capture all four and bring them to Maria Hill to place them under arrest.^[23]

During the Heroic Age storyline, Hood escapes from prison and makes a play to assemble the Infinity Gauntlet and meets up with Madame Masque. Using the reality gem, Hood heals her face.^[24]

She appears in Madripoor for the auction of a videotape showing Hawkeye assassinating an Asian dictator. However, the real Madame Masque is later revealed bound and gagged in her hotel room, with her costume and identity having been stolen by Kate Bishop.^[25] After the tape is destroyed, Masque vows vengeance on Hawkeye and Bishop.^[26] Masque later attempts to capture Bishop by luring the girl to her home in California, where she drugs her. The teen manages to escape and wrecks the house in the process, causing Masque to once again swear vengeance.^[27]

In the pages of Avengers Undercover, Madame Masque appears as a member of the Shadow Council's Masters of Evil in Bagalia. She works as Baron Helmut Zemo's right-hand woman.^[28]

As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel event, Madame Masque starts a quest to retrieve different magical objects in order to empower herself. During her journey, she is pursued by a mysterious group of ninjas.^[29] Iron Man catches onto her motives when she tries to steal a duplicate Wand of Watoomb from Castle Doom. Upon discovering the artifact she had stolen is fake, she kills her informant in a hotel in Montreal. Iron Man later confronts Madame Masque in the hotel room and tries to reason with her. Startled by his presence, Madame Masque unleashes a surprising display of enormous magic power at him.^[30] Upon traveling to Mary Jane Watson's nightclub Jackpot in Chicago, Madame Masque confronts her former business partner Belhilio and kills him. She then faces off against Iron Man and Doctor Doom ^[31] which results in damaging the nightclub. When Mary Jane Watson distracts Madame Masque by knocking off her mask with a microphone, Doctor Doom discovers that Madame Masque has been demonically possessed. Iron Man is able to hold her down while Doctor Doom successfully performs an exorcism. By the time Iron Man regains consciousness, Doctor Strange arrives and informs him that he will take Madame Masque away to metaphysically fix her and will later hand her over to the custody of S.H.I.E.L.D.^[32]

Other versions

House of M: Masters of Evil

In the House of M universe, Madame Masque fulfills a similar role as her mainstream counterpart. In this, she is the second in command of the Hood's Criminal Syndicate, as well as being his mistress. She is with him during the uprising, and invades the foreign country with him. She is one of the few criminals who decides to stay with Robbins when the other criminals decide that the heat from Magneto is too much. She is killed in the final battle and it is remarked that Robbins and Masque had a very powerful love, that kept Parker fighting.^[33]

JLA/Avengers

Madame Masque is seen among the enthralled villains defending Krona's stronghold.^[34] She is shown unconscious.^{[volume & issue needed]}

Marvel Noir

In the Marvel Noir Universe, a version of Madame Masque exists, first is one in Spider-Man Noir. Unlike the mainstream version, however, this version is Felicia Hardy. She is powerless, and does not become Madame Masque until the end of Spider-Man Noir: Eyes without a Face. Previously, she had been slashed by the Crime Master in the face and various parts of the body. Eventually, she recovers, but in the final panel, her face is shown, wearing a mask similar to mainstream Madame Masque.^[35]

In Iron Man Noir, another version of Madame Masque appears in as an explorer working with Tony Stark, not to mention a former flame as well.^[36]Dr. Gialetta Nefaria, along with Tony, Virgil Munsey, an editor for a magazine called Marvels, and Rhodey are on a trip in British Honduras. After acquiring a rare Jade mask in a temple, she is later seen betraying Stark and his friends to Baron Zemo, his commander Von Strucker. Though Rhodey and Tony escape, they set off a bomb and in the explosion, Gialetta is forever scarred.^[36] Gialetta is revealed to be alive, wearing the Jade mask, with the Nazi's having captured Pepper Potts, and Orichalcum, Atlantis' power source.^[37] When Tony attacks Von Strucker's airship, Gialetta tries to stop Tony, but is struck down by Pepper, who was tortured by her.^[38]

Powers and abilities

Madame Masque has no superhuman powers, but is an athletic woman and a skilled hand-to-hand combatant in various martial arts and an expert markswoman. She is a master strategist and organizer, although she suffers from mental instability and is believed to be criminally insane. She has access to advanced technology like her bio-duplicates.

Madame Masque wears body armor of an unknown composition with a gold metal faceplate, underneath which her face was chemically scarred. The faceplate is hard enough to deflect bullets without causing her any permanent injury. She carries a .475 Wildey Magnum revolver and other handguns, in addition to weapons that fire concussive blasts of energy or sleeping-gas cartridges.

As leader of the Maggia family, Madame Masque commands unspecified numbers of Dreadnought robots modified from the original designs stolen from HYDRA.

In other media

Television

• Madame Masque appeared in the 1990s Iron Man animated series, voiced by Lisa Zane.^[39] In the episode "Beauty Knows No Pain", Madame Masque uses her Maggia connections to look for the Golden Sepulcher of Isis. Although she obtains the object, she loses herself to the power and is defeated by Iron Man, further cementing her insanity.


• Madame Masque appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Kristie Marsden. This version is Whitney Julietta Stane, the neglected daughter of Obadiah Stane and a love interest to Tony Stark. She uses a prototype disguise mask that lets her take the appearance of anyone, but also emits unchecked radiation that eventually drives her insane with a split personality. Madame Masque is also acrobatic, a skilled fighter, and is armed with stolen Stark weapons and equipment to use in battle. Whitney appears as a recurring character in the show and Madame Masque is present in the episodes "Masquerade", "Chasing Ghosts", "Don't Worry, Be Happy", "Best Served Cold" and "Iron Monger Lives".


• A 1940s version of Whitney Frost appears in Agent Carter, portrayed by Wynn Everett.^[40][41] Her character as a wartime inventor was inspired by Hedy Lamarr.^[40] During her youth, she was Agnes Cully (portrayed by both Ivy George and Olivia Welch),^[42] a math and engineering prodigy whose mother insisted that a woman's only worth to the world was her beauty. She uses her engineering skills for Isodyne Energy while under the Whitney Frost stage name while in Hollywood.^[43] In season two, she manipulates her husband Calvin Chadwick into researching Zero Matter before running afoul of the substance herself which gives her the ability to absorb anything into her body,^[44] landing her in conflict with Peggy Carter and the S.S.R. despite her friendship with mob boss Joseph Manfredi.^[45] Ultimately, Whitney is deprived of her Zero Matter abilities and is committed to an asylum.^[46]
  


• Whitney Frost appears in the Avengers Assemble animated series, voiced by Wynn Everett.^[47] This version is a Hydra scientist. In the Avengers: Secret Wars episode "Why I Hate Halloween", the Avengers raids her underground Hydra base on Halloween. Frost has been doing some experiments related to vampires, making her a target for Dracula's forces. As Hawkeye takes Frost to a safe house called the Beach House in Vermont, the Avengers fight Dracula's forces. However, Dracula's forces catch up to Hawkeye and Frost even when Crimson Widow and Crossbones were sent to retrieve Whitney. Upon Dracula's forces being defeated when the sun starts to rise, Frost surrenders to the Avengers after the group caught Crimson Widow and Crossbones. In the Avengers: Black Panther's Quest episode "Mask of the Panther", Hawkeye had Frost released on probation to assist the S.H.I.E.L.D. operatives at their Zebra Base in Antarctica. When it came to the exploration of a Wakandan submarine called Yemandi's Cutter, Whitney found the submarine's control mask. She puts it on and it gives her the ability to connect with and control any machines, which she used to save the ship from sinking and remove her ankle monitor, but the mask is too unstable and she becomes corrupted by its power. Before taking off in Yemandi's Cutter, Whitney states that she can "fix the world" and says goodbye to Hawkeye. Somewhere at sea, Whitney meets with Killmonger and accepts his offer to join where Whitney takes the Madame Masque name.

Video games

• Madame Masque appears in the Iron Man video game, voiced by Courtenay Taylor.^{[citation needed]} Her name is Whitney Nefaria and had a romantic history with Tony Stark. She is depicted as a Maggia member whose engages in battle with Iron Man using her forces at the Maggia compound. She is killed when a wall falls on her. In the Xbox 360/PS3 version, she threatens to launch missiles on populated areas during Iron Man's assault and appears to have been caught in an explosion when he destroys the base's power supply. However, she returns on the Maggia's flying fortress, appearing to have started wearing a mask to cover a scarred face, saying it reflects how she forgot what she used to be and compares it to Tony Stark's change of heart about making weapons. She is apparently killed when Iron Man cripples and destroys the air fortress.


• Madame Masque is featured as a boss in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance.^{[citation needed]}
  

References

External links

• 
  Madame Masque at Marvel Wiki


• 
  Madame Masque at Comic Vine


• 
  Madame Masque's Inner Guard at the Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe